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2023-03-20
centOS6.4 64位下安装nfs文件共享系统
不知道谁装的服务器,默认自带,以下内容摘自互联网,配置部分按教程执行成功
一、环境介绍:
服务器:centos 192.168.1.225
客户端:centos 192.168.1.226
二、安装:
NFS的安装配置:centos 5 :
yum -y install nfs-utils portmap
yum -y install nfs-utils portmap
centos 6(在CentOS 6.3当中,portmap服务由rpcbind负责) :
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
yum -y install nfs-utils rpcbind
三、服务器端配置:
1、创建共享目录:
[root@centos2 /]# mkdir /usr/local/test
[root@centos2 /]# mkdir /usr/local/test
2、NFS文件配置:
[root@centos2 /]# vi /etc/exports #增加一行:/usr/local/test/ 192.168.1.226(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)
[root@centos2 /]# vi /etc/exports #增加一行:/usr/local/test/ 192.168.1.226(rw,no_root_squash,no_all_squash,sync)
:x保存退出;
使配置生效:
[root@centos2 /]# exportfs -r
[root@centos2 /]# exportfs -r
注:配置文件说明:
3、启动:
centos6:
[root@centos2 /]# service rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ][root@centos2 /]# service nfs startStarting NFS services: [ OK ]Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ]Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ][root@centos2 /]#
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ][root@centos2 /]# service nfs startStarting NFS services: [ OK ]Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]Stopping RPC idmapd: [ OK ]Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ][root@centos2 /]#
centos 5
[root@centos2 /]# service portmap start[root@centos2 /]# service nfs start[root@centos2 /]#
[root@centos2 /]# service portmap start[root@centos2 /]# service nfs start[root@centos2 /]#
四、客户端挂载:
1、创建需要挂载的目录:
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/test[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/test[root@localhost ~]#
2、测试挂载:
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.225Export list for 192.168.1.225:/usr/local/test 192.168.1.226[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# showmount -e 192.168.1.225Export list for 192.168.1.225:/usr/local/test 192.168.1.226[root@localhost ~]#
如果显示:rpc mount export: RPC: Unable to receive; errno = No route to host,则需要在服务端关闭防火墙(稍候会详细说)。
3、挂载:
[root@localhost ~]# mount -t nfs 192.168.1.225:/usr/local/test /usr/local/test
[root@localhost ~]# mount/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)proc on /proc type proc (rw)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)192.168.1.225:/usr/local/test on /usr/local/test type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.225,clientaddr=192.168.1.226)[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mount/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)proc on /proc type proc (rw)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)192.168.1.225:/usr/local/test on /usr/local/test type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.1.225,clientaddr=192.168.1.226)[root@localhost ~]#
如果信息如上显示则挂载成功!
4、测试:
客户端生成一个文件:
[root@centos2 /]# cd /usr/local/test/[root@centos2 test]# echo "hello nfs test">>test[root@centos2 test]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Apr 9 13:24 test[root@centos2 test]#
[root@centos2 /]# cd /usr/local/test/[root@centos2 test]# echo "hello nfs test">>test[root@centos2 test]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Apr 9 13:24 test[root@centos2 test]#
服务端检查:
[root@centos2 /]# cd /usr/local/test/[root@centos2 test]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Apr 9 13:24 test[root@centos2 test]#
[root@centos2 /]# cd /usr/local/test/[root@centos2 test]# lltotal 4-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Apr 9 13:24 test[root@centos2 test]#
挂载成功!
五、解除挂载:
[root@localhost ~]# umount /usr/local/test
[root@localhost ~]# mount/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)proc on /proc type proc (rw)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# mount/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)proc on /proc type proc (rw)sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)[root@localhost ~]#
如果遇到:umount.nfs: /usr/local/test: device is busy
可能用命令:
[root@localhost /]# fuser -m -v /usr/local/test
用户 进程号 权限 命令/usr/local/test/: root 2798 ..c.. bash root 2996 ..c.. su[root@localhost /]# kill -9 2798[root@localhost /]# kill -9 2996[root@localhost /]# umount /usr/local/test[root@localhost /]#
用户 进程号 权限 命令/usr/local/test/: root 2798 ..c.. bash root 2996 ..c.. su[root@localhost /]# kill -9 2798[root@localhost /]# kill -9 2996[root@localhost /]# umount /usr/local/test[root@localhost /]#
六、服务器端防火墙设置(NFS 开启防墙配置):
1、修改/etc/service,添加以下内容(端口号必须在1024以下,且未被占用)
# Local services mountd 1011/tcp #rpc.mountd mountd 1011/udp #rpc.mountd rquotad 1012/tcp #rpc.rquotad rquotad 1012/udp #rpc.rquotad
2、重起Linux NFS服务 service nfs restart
3、此时rpc相关端口已经被固定,可以为Linux NFS添加防火墙规则 #portmap /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p udp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT #nfsd /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p tcp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p udp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT #mountd /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p tcp --dport 1011 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p udp --dport 1011 -j ACCEPT #rquotad /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p tcp --dport 1012 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p udp --dport 1012 -j ACCEPT #rpc.statd /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p tcp --dport 32768 -j ACCEPT /sbin/iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/254 -p udp --dport 32768 -j ACCEPT ---TCP方法成功--------------------------------------------A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 111 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 2049 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1011 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1012 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 32768 -j ACCEPT
客户端在挂载的时候遇到的一个问题如下,可能是网络不太稳定,NFS默认是用UDP协议,换成TCP协议即可:
mount -t nfs 192.168.1.225:/usr/local/test /usr/local/test -o proto=tcp -o nolock
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