在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址

在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址

有时，你也许想要给一个网卡多个地址。你该怎么做呢？另外买一个网卡来分配地址？在小型网络中其实不用这么做。我们现在可以在CentOS/RHEL 7中给一个网卡分配多个IP地址。想知道怎么做么？好的，跟随我，这并不难。

首先，让我们找到网卡的IP地址。在我的CentOS 7服务器中，我只使用了一个网卡。

用root特权运行下面的命令：

ip addr

ip addr

示例输出：

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000    link/ether 08:00:27:80:63:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:80:63:19 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

如上所见，我的网卡名是enp0s3，ip地址是192.168.1.150。

如你所知，网卡的配置文件存储在 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ 目录下。每个网卡的详细内容将会以不同的名字存储，比如ifcfg-enp0s3。

让我们看下ifcfg-enp0s3的细节。

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

示例输出：

TYPE="Ethernet"BOOTPROTO="none"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="e9f9caef-cb9e-4a19-aace-767c6ee6f849"ONBOOT="yes"HWADDR="08:00:27:80:63:19"IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"PREFIX0="24"GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"DNS1="192.168.1.1"IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

TYPE="Ethernet"BOOTPROTO="none"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="e9f9caef-cb9e-4a19-aace-767c6ee6f849"ONBOOT="yes"HWADDR="08:00:27:80:63:19"IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"PREFIX0="24"GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"DNS1="192.168.1.1"IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

好的，现在我们将在相同的子网中分配多个地址了。

编辑文件 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3：

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3

像下面那样加入额外的IP地址。

TYPE="Ethernet"BOOTPROTO="none"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"ONBOOT="yes"HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"PREFIX0="24"GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"DNS1="192.168.1.1"IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

TYPE="Ethernet"BOOTPROTO="none"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"ONBOOT="yes"HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"PREFIX0="24"GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"DNS1="192.168.1.1"IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

如你所见，我已经加了两个IP地址：IPADDR1=”192.168.1.151″ & IPADDR2=”192.168.1.152″

类似地，你可以加入更多的ip地址。

最后，保存并退出文件。重启网络服务来使更改生效。

systemctl restart network

systemctl restart network

现在，让我们检查是否已经加入了IP地址。

ip addr

ip addr

示例输出：

lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 ::1/128 scope host        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000    link/ether 08:00:27:3f:ab:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff    inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet 192.168.1.151/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet 192.168.1.152/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:ab68/64 scope link        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever2: enp0s3: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:3f:ab:68 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.150/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.1.151/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet 192.168.1.152/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:ab68/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

如你所见，单个网卡已经有3个IP地址了。

让我们ping一下新增的IP地址：

ping -c 4 192.168.1.151

ping -c 4 192.168.1.151

示例输出：

PING 192.168.1.151 (192.168.1.151) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms --- 192.168.1.151 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.048/0.069/0.077/0.013 ms

PING 192.168.1.151 (192.168.1.151) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.048 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.151: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.077 ms --- 192.168.1.151 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.048/0.069/0.077/0.013 ms

ping -c 4 192.168.1.152

ping -c 4 192.168.1.152

示例输出：

PING 192.168.1.152 (192.168.1.152) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms --- 192.168.1.152 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.064/0.075/0.018 ms

PING 192.168.1.152 (192.168.1.152) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.034 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms64 bytes from 192.168.1.152: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms --- 192.168.1.152 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.034/0.064/0.075/0.018 ms

如果你想要使用不同的子网，你要改变PREFIX0=24成不同的子网，比如 PREFIX1=16。

比如，我想要添加一个A类地址（*比如10.0.0.1）到我的网卡中。

TYPE="Ethernet"BOOTPROTO="none"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"ONBOOT="yes"HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"IPADDR3="10.0.0.1"PREFIX0="24"PREFIX1=16GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"DNS1="192.168.1.1"IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

TYPE="Ethernet"BOOTPROTO="none"DEFROUTE="yes"IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"IPV6INIT="yes"IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"NAME="enp0s3"UUID="933cdc9b-b383-4ddd-b219-5a72c69c9cf0"ONBOOT="yes"HWADDR="08:00:27:3F:AB:68"IPADDR0="192.168.1.150"IPADDR1="192.168.1.151"IPADDR2="192.168.1.152"IPADDR3="10.0.0.1"PREFIX0="24"PREFIX1=16GATEWAY0="192.168.1.1"DNS1="192.168.1.1"IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"

你可以看到我已经添加一个A类地址(10.0.0.1)并且前缀是16。

保存并退出文件。重启网络服务，接着，ping新增的地址：

ping -c 4 10.0.0.1

ping -c 4 10.0.0.1

示例输出：

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms --- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.073/0.079/0.097/0.014 ms

PING 10.0.0.1 (10.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.073 ms64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms64 bytes from 10.0.0.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms --- 10.0.0.1 ping statistics ---4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3000msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.073/0.079/0.097/0.014 ms

相似地，你可以添加不同的网关，就是这样。